Chinese Art Art at Court

Chinese Art Art at Court The current exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, entitled â€Å"The Emperors Private Paradise: Treasures from the Forbidden City†, reveals one individual’s very personal stamp on their environment. The retreat, designed and built by the Qianlong Emperor in a corner of the Forbidden City, demonstrates luxury, appreciation for beauty, decided ideas about beauty, and devotion to a philosophical ideal. This kind of private indulgence is rare, but not unknown elsewhere[1].Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese Art: Art at Court specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the 90 or so objects and artifacts included in the exhibit, the Screen of Sixteen Double-Sided Panels, represents much of what is interesting about the royal owner, is preferences, and the intimate space from which the objects were taken. The screen in particular demonstrates how the interest and appreciation by one powerful person could affect iconography and fashions in decoration for many years after their lifetime The Qianlong Emperor built his Studio of Exhaustion from Diligent Service in the 18th Century, with the intention of using it for relaxation, entertainment[2], meditation, and reflection. The Emperor planned to enjoy it when he retired from active management of the Middle Kingdom. It is compactly built on a roughly two-acre plot in one corner of the palace grounds. He was able to choose whatever he liked in terms of design and decoration, and display gifts from his subjects as well. They are rare, one-of-a-kind, and expensive. Thus, the furnishing of the Studio of Exhaustion from Diligent Service reflects his own taste, rather than anything handed down from previous rulers. The screen, from the pavilion named The Building of Luminous Clouds, has a colorful and romantic story. It was a gift from a provincial governor. The Emperor liked the surface of it that featured human figures, and it was therefore displayed with that part facing outwards into the room. As a result, the other side was not seen or even known about for several hundred years. The reverse side has decorations that are just as lovely. The paintings on the surface that is best known are copies of works by an artist from the 9th century named Guanxiu. This Guanxiu was a monk in Hangzhou Province. He was inspired by a dream to paint images of the disciples of the Buddha, known as Arhats.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These figures are known in Chinese as Luohans. They are described as beings that have attained some degree of enlightenment. They â€Å"protect the faithful Buddhist†[3], until the whole human race achieves some sort of enlightenment themselves The veneration of Arhats was at its height at exactly the time that the artist Guanxiu made his depictions[4]. There was no documentation of their actual appearance, and since Gautama Buddha was from India, not China, there were no local reports about them. However, Guanxiu claimed that he had been visited with a vision in a dream[5]. He created 15 of the images based on the dream but may have used himself as the model for the 16th. The Emperor saw the paintings while visiting the region in 1757, and liked them. He ordered his staff to make copies of them[6]. He also wrote eulogies, or brief, haiku-like descriptions of each Luohans’ personality and spiritual characteristics. Accounts differ as to how the copying of the images proceeded, but sets were sent to all of the 18 provinces for display. There are stone relief copies of them remaining in situ today in several provinces of China[7]. The abbot of the temple in 1757 must have been delighted at this opportunity for publicizing the monastery and preserving its 800-plus year old treasure! With the paintings copied in stone, the images could be duplicated many tim es through stone rubbings. This seems like a remarkably innovative idea, but it apparently may have pre-dated printing in China. Stone rubbings had been used to preserve and disseminate all sorts of information and images, including Buddhist scriptures[8]. In the case of Guanxiu’s Luohans, it seems reasonable to infer that the Emperor and the abbot wanted to ensure the exact duplication of each image. This was especially true since it was believed to have been divinely inspired. In general, since art played an important moral role in China, correct copying was important[9].Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese Art: Art at Court specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These stone rubbings were copied back into painting form by the previously mentioned provincial governor. The Luohans were drawn in white on black, which is the way they would have appeared in a rubbing. This also gives them an almost cartoon-like ef fect. The eulogy written by the Emperor Qianlong appears in the upper right-hand corner. The images on the reverse are painted in gold. They look like jewelry hung on the screen. The forms of some of the plants depicted are variously contorted to fit into the space. This contortion also evokes for this viewer the action of nature and time on all living things. Others, like the bamboo in the first panel, are so realistic that they look as though one might touch them and find them living. These individual works of art were all installed together in a beautiful folding screen. It was lavishly crafted of â€Å"Purple sandalwood (zitan), lacquer, jade, and gold paint† [10]. This luxurious and flexible setting of the paintings would have allowed the Emperor to gaze at any combination of the images at once. The trees and shrubs on the reverse probably have symbolic meaning. Given the deep religious significance of the Luohans, this would be reasonable to infer. Information on their symbolism is not readily available, perhaps because their discovery is recent. However, there were traditional associations of plants noted elsewhere in the exhibit. Some sort of similar symbolism may be reflected in the screen paintings. For example, the ‘three friends of winter’, depicted in the Emperor’s heavily decorated window, are described as pine, bamboo, and blossoming plum[11]. It must be noted that within Chinese Buddhism, there were Luohan cults associated with a group of eighteen, and five hundred, as well as the sixteen. These, unlike the cult of the sixteen, are described as â€Å"not canonical†[12]. This means that they lacked the backing of scripture or religious authority. Thus, the Emperor, by commissioning the copying of the sixteen Luohans, writing eulogies for each one, and choosing to display the gift screen in a specially constructed niche, was giving his personal support to the sixteen-Arhat cult. This is very much like Michelle Ob ama dressing her daughters in J. Crew for the Presidential inaugural events, or Madonna wearing Kabbalistic symbols. That fashion, or that religious practice, becomes more popular with the population as a whole, as a result of the adoption by an opinion leader. In this way, the Emperor had the power to affect artistic and decorative choices all over the country.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, Guanxiu’s images are said to have been reproduced all over China[13]. Was this entirely the result of the Emperor’s interest? This is certainly the view of some Chinese commentators. Sets of these images were reproduced in jade, and other materials and given as highly desirable gifts[14]. The Emperor’s interest certainly did not discourage the spread of these depictions. In fact, these depictions seem to continue to be reproduced in masss might include Monticello, Thomas Jefferson’s home, and that of Frederick Church, called Olana, both designed in every detail by their owner. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2011. â€Å"The Emperor’s Private Paradise†. Joo, Bong Seok. 2007. â€Å"The Arhat Cult in China from the Seventh through thirteen centuries: Narrative, art, space, and ritual†. Joo. Much like the founder of the Shaker movement, creating religiously symbolic images from a dream. This is much like gravestone rubbings that h istory buffs make today in old cemeteries. ShanghaiCentral.com China Art†. 2011. ShanghaiCentral. East Asian Library, University of California, Berkeley. 2004. â€Å"What is a Stone Rubbing?. † Kuiper, Katherine. Culture in China, 2010. Brittanica Educational Publishing. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2011. â€Å"The Emperors Private Paradise: Treasures from the Forbidden City†. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2011. â€Å"The Emperors Private Paradise: Treasures from the Forbidden City†. Joo. Watanabe. Masako. â€Å"Guanxiu and Exotic Imagery in Rakan Paintings†. ShanghaiCentral.com. â€Å"China Art†. Watanabe, Masako. Cook, Greg. â€Å"An Emperor’s Heaven on Earth†. The Providence Phoenix. Wikipedia. â€Å"Eighteen Lohans†. Wikipedia.org. 2011. Although Wikipedia is not usually considered a scholarly source, it was the most comprehensible description of the Luohan iconography readily available that could be cross-referenced aga inst the images on the screen itself. Metropolitan Museum of Art. â€Å"†Screen of Sixteen Double-Sided Panels†. Kuiper, Katherine. The Culture of China. Kuiper Metropolitan Museum of Art. â€Å"Pair of Screens†. Metropolitan Museum of Art. â€Å"Pair of Cabinets†. Metropolitan Museum of Art. â€Å"Root wood Chair†.

Human Resource Management in Innovation (New Zealand) Term Paper

Human Resource Management in Innovation (New Zealand) - Term Paper Example Considering that exit of every key employee costs the company up to $1200 NZD, the organization needs to focus on hiring the best staff. The human resource would rather leave a vacancy open than recruit an unfit employee and even spend more time searching for high-caliber employees. Among the acquired employees, the organization also needs to focus on identifying and retaining the talented and outstanding employees, considering that these employees are in high demand by competitors. This is to ensure that employees who make real difference with regards to performance of the organization are retained (Taylor and Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2002, p.11). The human resource also needs to redesign the orientation program for new staff and ensure recruitment of right persons with the right attitudes and expectations. This is in consideration of the fact that many employees have left due to their belief that the company presented unprofessional old-fashioned image. Many organizations face highest staff attrition rates within the first few months after recruitment. Employees’ first experience with organizations should be positive to enable quick assimilation into the organization and to make them feel proud to have been recruited. First impression transforms to staff morale, which is a major factor that contributes high to staff turnover rates (Bittel and Newstrom, 1992, p.181). The company should seek to improve wages and benefits to employees considering that high rates of staff attrition have resulted from low wages and general benefits to employees. The company needs to allocate more funds to match wages to employees and benefi ts with market rates. Market-based compensation aspects are tied to the recommendations that, instead of making compensation comparisons within the industry alone, the human resources should undertake comparisons with specific competitor markets such as Australia, which absorbs approximately 3500 employees from the New Zealand employment market every month. Skills are not only transferable in industries but also across industries and markets and industries. Compensation and equity of a company needs to be comparable with competitor market rates since unreasonable negative deviation from markets rates would drive away existing employees. Among compensation issues, equity is a vital issue that needs to be balanced with regards to long existing staff and currently hired staff. Long existing staff have the propensity of leaving employment incase incoming staff are paid more proportionally. In addition to market rates compensation and equity, incentives plan such as milestone bonuses and performance awards provide employees with something to anticipate and work hard for.

Profile without interviewing the person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Profile without interviewing the person - Essay Example His television career also did not remain devoid of exceptional success owing to the fact that the globally acclaimed television project he starred in ran successfully for about six years. Later, Smith experimented with movies as well and conquered that show business area also as was expected from him considering the sheer devotion and dedication which he is naturally bound to show no matter whatsoever he pursues in life. Smith’s movie career was all set considering myriad mega blockbuster hits he starred in and he is also engrossed in acting in movies currently. He married twice and shares his second marriage with fellow celebrity Jada Smith. Smith’s â€Å"20-year career that just keeps getting hotter, all combined to put the actor in that celebrity sweet spot that all stars crave, but few ever attain† (Fox News) and owing to such unique career, he got able to crown himself with the title of â€Å"The Most Famous, Famous Guy of 2008† (Fox

Social Psychology Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Social Psychology Paper - Essay Example One of its broadest stem is social psychology (Smith & Mackie, 2000). Since an individual has a great impact on oneself of the environment and surroundings, he is living in; therefore, the society or the environment plays a vital role on the performance and actions of the person. This study of how the human behavior comes under effect by the social power is social psychology. Scientific, systematic and methodical techniques are the ways that social psychology exercise in order to comprehend how real, anticipated and foreshadowed/hidden presence of other people plays an influential and convincing role on the moods, reactions, thoughts, psyche, behavior, and actions of an individual. The social psychologist observes and analyzes a number of aspects when studying the human behavior. They generally observe one’s behavior in crowd, his social viewpoint, the way a person responds without using speech, hyperactive behavior, traditional values, intolerance, and management skills. The thinking or the idea of a person and the way a person interrelates in a social gathering are the prime and vital components that come under use for understanding the social behavior. Psychologist conducts the studies of social psychology in order to know the pattern of boilerplate, how individuals react to situations, the likings, and disliking of people in various scenarios, and attraction of opposite sex towards each other (Smith & Mackie, 2000). The history of psychology tells that it was not until the nineteenth century that social psychology achieved recognition and popularity amongst the masses. After the Second World War, social psychology came under studies in detail. Twentieth century also experienced a boom in research related to social psychology. It was because of the studies that people gained the awareness of the activities and mindset of social beings. According to studies, it has come under observation that people often mix up social psychology with folk wisdom, pers onality psychology, and sociology (Smith & Mackie, 2000). The frames of reference that summarize the four distinctive attributes of social psychology as outline in Social Beings are the socio cultural, the evolutionary, the social learning, and the social cognitive (DeLamater & Myers, 2007). The education, apprentice, knowledge and experiences that people acquire from the philosophies and concept of culture, traditions, customs and norms comes under the limelight of socio cultural aspect of social psychology. The culture plays a vital and crucial role in an individual’s life as the norms and traditions of a culture is a huge influencer in the life of people as it helps in developing the persons’ self-image or the identity. The evolutionary characteristic defines that the genes, heredity, heritage, and legacy are the factors that helps in shaping the personality of an individual. Biological impact is another aspect that comes into focus when defining the evolutionary ch aracteristic, that it plays a vital and critical role in forming the person’s behavior (DeLamater & Myers, 2007). The social learning attribute of social psychology has a different school of thought. According to this attribute, development of a person’s behavior depends upon not only the inheritance, but also the perception, recognition, imitation and parody, which develops an understanding into a distinct, exclusive, and unique experiences

Formulation Of A Theory :: Papers

Formulation Of A Theory The certain factors that influence the accuracy of estimation is mainly: Age, the time of day it is processed, gender and the style of the survey. The reason age has an affect on the accuracy of estimation, is because if the person is too young or too old the survey may not be reliable enough in order for it to be processed into a data collection sheet the reason being that they may not be suited to the imperial or metric measurement used in modern days. The young may not have learnt the imperial measures and the elderly may not be used to the correct terms. The effect, time has to getting good reliability is that the survey should be taken out at a convenient time of the day where food has been consumed properly and the people's minds are focused. The times which may be irrelevant to practice a survey is early in the morning or late at night where people may be tired. The gender may have a certain effect on the outcome of results because the males may differ in technical skills to females or it is possible that perhaps females are more capable of handling academical situations rather than males. The style of a survey may affect the result because if badly constructed questions are used, people will not answer the survey properly and will try to avoid them. An example of a badly constructed question is 'What is your age?'-This is personal. Many people will not want to answer. An example of a well constructed question is 'Which age group are you in? 0-20 21-30 31-50 etc. A questionnaire is usually put together to test a hypothesis. The hypothesis that will be used in this questionnaire is: 'Children will be able to estimate better than adults'. Method The data will be collected through a simple questionnaire. A stratified sample will be used. This is because in a stratified sample, the population that will be asked will be divided into

Global warming speech Essay

INTRODUCTION The negative effects of global warming are slowly ruining the environment we live in. In a few decades, it is possible our Earth will be very uncomfortable to live on. I have researched the issues of global warming and have found out as much as I possibly can in order to deliver an informative speech about global warming. Global warming is an extremely important topic to me, because knowing what the negative effects of global warming are and what can be done to help solve those effects, our environment can stay safe and protected, and clearly the environment is one of the most essential parts of our daily lives. There is a significant amount of negative effects for the environment and for human life due to global warming. Global warming affects each and every one of us. We should all be concerned with what is happening to our planet. TRANSITION: We will be more inclined to help reduce the effects of global warming if we understand what these effects are†¦ 1.) Rising temperatures are more dangerous for certain areas over other areas. 2.) The rising temperatures are causing changes in our precipitation. 3.) Over time, global warming will worsen and cause more problems for us, as well as our future generations. SPEECH BODY I. The main and most detrimental effect of global warming is the increase in the global average temperature. A. In the past 100 years the Earth’s global average temperature rose by 0.98 to 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit. 1. This rise in temperature has been confirmed by at least 20 scientific communities. a. This includes all of the national academies of science of the G8 states. b. G8 is the world’s most industrialized nations working to stop the increase in global average temperature. 2. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Control concludes that the increase in temperature is due to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, also known as the greenhouse effect. a. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Control has also concluded that the global temperatures will rise by 2 to 11.5 degrees Fahrenheit by the year 2100. TRANSITION: With the global average temperatures raising so much in quite a short period of time, we must be prepared for what the causes of this rise may be if there is no solution to global warming. II. The rising of the average global temperatures is extremely dangerous for those of us who live near places of frequent drought, flooding, and places of poverty. A. One effect of global warming is the reduction of summer streams flow. 1. This can be a problem in areas of frequent drought, with reduced flow of water, drought will become more frequent. B. There is also rising sea levels because of the melting of glaciers and ice masses. 1. For areas near bodies of water, this can become a major problem. There will be more flooding due to the sea levels rising over the norm. C. Another effect of global warming is more intense weather events, agricultural yields, and an increase in the ranges of disease. 1. Most of these effects will become a problem for areas of poverty. Areas of poverty will not have the shelter or tools necessary to help protect themselves against these damaging effects of global warming. TRANSITION: The rising global average temperature of global warming is the main cause for many of the effects that global warming is having on our environment and our species. III. The rising temperatures caused by global warming are changing precipitation patterns. A. The change in precipitation will play a major role in the Earth’s climate. 1. The change in climate will have lasting impacts on the people living and dealing with the climate. 2. The Earth may become a very uncomfortable place to live in the upcoming decades, with increased precipitation and harsh weather. TRANSITION: There are many other effects of global warming, I have only named a few, the few that I feel will affect us in our own lifetimes. CONCLUSION: However, as global warming continues to become more pronounced and temperatures continue to rise, the negative effects on our environment will become more and more of a problem to us and to our future generations.

School Uniforms And Its Effects On People And Their Behavior

What people choose to put on their backs and how they present themselves is a choice that people decide every single day of their lives. Sometimes, it allows people to express themselves and show the outside world who they genuinely are but other times it allows people to become a completely different person if it is used as a costume for an event or to act on stage in a play or musical. Clothing has a larger impact on people and their behavior than most people would like to consider. What students choose to wear to school every single day impacts their lives more than most realize for example, in school. What students choose to wear to school can affect how well they are able to participate and focus on their studies. The clothing that students choose to put on their backs affects their self-esteem, what class level their classmates perceive them as, and their behavior. Implementing a school uniforms in public school can benefit the school and the students academically in their grad es and their behavior in their classrooms and interacting with their peers. The fact always remains that people will always judge another by looks. Maybe we don’t let that be the permanent impression that one individual will leave on us but no one ever gets a second chance at a first impression. As previously stated clothing is one of the key factors on how people will judge another. For instance, if you saw a man with battered clothes and a battered cardboard side asking for work, you wouldShow MoreRelatedSchool Uniforms And The School Uniform1422 Words   |  6 Pages Most of schools have different policies regarding the school uniforms. There was increase in the school that ask their students to wear a uniform. However, the benefits of the school uniform still unclear for many people. So, the researches conduct research about the actual benefit of the school uniform. Some of the research show there are a relationship between the school uniform and the overall student behavior, safety, and achievements. Many researches follow different method t o collect theirRead MoreThe Importance Of School Uniforms In Schools1693 Words   |  7 Pagesprivate and public schools around America have a uniform policy. The idea of bringing uniforms to schools is an issue that has been discussed and argued about for many years. There are very few students who believe that uniforms should be required, and other students just dislike the colors that come with them. Although uniforms have been known to make students look decent, there are many negative side effects that come with them. Some people think that a student wearing a uniform looks well and respectableRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1366 Words   |  6 Pagescausing this behavior. Primary school is an especially tough time for our young ones. If educators are really looking to put an end to bullying, they have to attack it from the root of the problem (Linder-Altman). What a child is wearing will not get them bullied, it depends on the bully. Making uniforms mandatory in efforts to decrease bullying, only teaches our children that the only way to be accepted is by conforming which is not what we should be pushing for. It’s important to attack the problemRead MoreSchool Uniforms1707 Words   |  7 PagesSCHOOL UNIFORMS In his hopes to create an atmosphere in our school that promotes discipline and order and learning, President William Jefferson Clinton stated, I believe we should give strong support to school districts that decide to require young students to wear school uniforms. He cited several incidents where students desire for anothers fashionable attire has led to extreme forms of violence (Clinton 1996). This exemplifies one of the many implications of a necessity for school uniformsRead MorePros and Cons School Uniform1515 Words   |  7 PagesPros and Cons of School Uniforms Trina Warren Liberty University Professor Mink GRST 500/501 June 17, 2013 Abstract The decision for school district to enforce school uniforms has been in existence since the 16th century. School uniforms were originally created for poor children; however, over time, schools saw uniforms as a way to bring students together. There has been debate whether uniforms improve academic success while reducing affiliation of violence. There is opinion and study thatRead MoreSchool Uniform Essay774 Words   |  4 PagesUniforms should be essential to all schools around the world. Uniforms will provide a more organized school unit. Our public school systems are in a dispirited and discouraged state. Violence, poor attendance, disruptive behavior and disheartening attitudes stand in the way of a child’s education today. 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